America's Supply Chains

Economy & Labor Defense & Security Energy & Environment Healthcare AI & Technology

In simple terms

This executive order directs a comprehensive, two-phase review of U.S. supply chain vulnerabilities across critical sectors including semiconductors, batteries, critical minerals, and pharmaceuticals (100-day review), followed by deeper one-year assessments of defense, public health, ICT, energy, transportation, and agricultural supply chains. It establishes a coordinated interagency process to identify risks and recommend policies to strengthen domestic manufacturing, reduce foreign dependencies, and build resilient, diverse supply chains.

Federal Register Open PDF 86 FR 11849

Record & deadlines

Feb 24, 2021Signed
Signed by the President
Mar 1, 2021FR published
Published in the Federal Register · 86 FR 11849
Federal Register PDF
Date TBD
General review and recommendations following section 4 submissions
Feb 24, 2022
One-year sectoral supply chain assessments for six industrial bases (defense, public health, ICT, energy, transportation, agriculture)
Jun 4, 2021
100-day supply chain review completion and four sector reports (semiconductors, batteries, critical minerals, pharmaceuticals)

Key directives

APNSA and APEP to coordinate implementation through NSC interagency process
100-day review of supply chain risks with four sector reports due by June 4, 2021
One-year sectoral assessments for defense, public health, ICT, energy, transportation, and agriculture due by February 24, 2022
Each report must include risk analysis, domestic capability gaps, workforce assessment, allied engagement options, and specific policy recommendations
Recommendations for quadrennial supply chain review, procurement reforms, and trade rule changes

Related orders

What to expect

Immediate

Interagency coordination structure established via APNSA and APEP
Consultation with outside stakeholders begins

Near term (90d)

100-day supply chain review completion (semiconductors, batteries, critical minerals, pharmaceuticals)
Four sector-specific risk reports submitted to President

Long term

One-year sectoral supply chain assessments for six additional industrial bases
General review with recommendations for institutional reforms, quadrennial review process, and legislative/regulatory changes

Risks & tensions

Broad scope creates implementation burden across multiple agencies simultaneously
Vague 'as soon as practicable' deadline for final general review reduces accountability
Classified annexes may limit public transparency on sensitive findings
Tension between reshoring goals and allied cooperation on alternative supply chains
Climate and equity goals may conflict with rapid industrial scaling priorities
Reliance on existing appropriations may constrain recommended programs