ExecutiveOrdersEO
DetDeterminationBiden · D

Presidential Determination

Agreement for Cooperation Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Singapore Concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy

President Biden approved a nuclear cooperation agreement with Singapore under Section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act, determining it promotes U.S. common defense and security without unreasonable risk. The Secretary of State is directed to execute and publish the agreement.

Federal Register Open PDF 89 FR 64351

Impact dates

  1. Federal Register publication of determination

Key directives

  • Approve proposed Agreement for Cooperation with Singapore on peaceful nuclear energy
  • Authorize Secretary of State to arrange for agreement execution
  • Direct Secretary of State to publish determination in Federal Register

Who is ordered

Timeline

Immediate

  • Determination signed and agreement approved
  • Secretary of State authorized to arrange execution

Near term (90d)

  • Federal Register publication of determination

Long term

  • Implementation of nuclear cooperation terms between U.S. and Singapore

Risks & tensions

  • Nuclear proliferation concerns inherent in any 123 agreement despite 'peaceful uses' framing
  • Limited congressional review period may apply under Atomic Energy Act procedures
  • Singapore's strategic position in Indo-Pacific adds geopolitical dimension to civil nuclear cooperation
Presidential Determination: Agreement for Cooperation Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Singapore Concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy · Executive Orders