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EO 14074Executive OrderBiden · D Quiet signal

Executive Order 14074

Advancing Effective, Accountable Policing and Criminal Justice Practices To Enhance Public Trust and Public Safety

This executive order mandates comprehensive federal policing reforms including a national accountability database for officer misconduct, bans on chokeholds and restricted no-knock entries for federal law enforcement, improved use-of-force data collection, limits on military equipment transfers to local police, body-worn camera requirements, and studies on law enforcement technology impacts. It also addresses officer wellness, recruitment practices, anti-bias training, and reentry support while acknowledging that full systemic change requires congressional action.

Federal Register Open PDF 87 FR 32945

Impact dates

  1. Federal LEAs update recruitment/hiring policies per action plan

  2. Interagency working group publishes action plan on recruitment/hiring

  3. Federal LEAs incorporate annual use-of-force training and early warning systems

  4. National Law Enforcement Accountability Database established

  5. Attorney General/DHS/other agencies report on investigation policy changes

  6. Federal LEAs begin monthly use-of-force data submission to FBI

  7. OPM convenes interagency working group on recruitment/hiring

  8. Attorney General/HHS publish officer wellness best practices report

  9. Suicide prevention recommendations presented to President

  10. Anti-bias training module development complete

  11. HHS completes nationwide study on community effects of use of force

  12. Guidance on notification to families of deaths in custody

  13. Attorney General requests NAS study on facial recognition/algorithms

  14. Attorney General reports on updating 2014 profiling guidance

  15. DOJ report on Death in Custody Reporting Act implementation

  16. Federal LEAs issue chokehold/carotid restraint policies

  17. Federal LEAs issue use-of-force policies

  18. Federal LEAs issue body-worn camera policies

  19. Federal LEAs issue no-knock entry policies

Key directives

  • Attorney General to establish National Law Enforcement Accountability Database within 240 days
  • Federal LEAs to issue policies banning chokeholds/carotid restraints within 90 days
  • Federal LEAs to issue use-of-force policies within 90 days
  • Federal LEAs to restrict no-knock entries within 60 days
  • Federal LEAs to issue body-worn camera policies within 90 days
  • Federal LEAs to submit monthly use-of-force data to FBI within 180 days
  • OPM to convene interagency working group on recruitment/hiring within 180 days, publish action plan within 365 days
  • Secretary HHS to conduct nationwide study on community effects of use of force within 180 days
  • Multiple agencies to review and restrict military equipment transfers within 60 days
  • Attorney General to request NAS study on facial recognition and predictive algorithms within 180 days
  • Attorney General/HHS/OSTP to publish interagency report on law enforcement technology within 18 months
  • Federal LEAs to incorporate annual anti-bias training

Who is ordered

Timeline

Immediate

  • Federal LEAs must issue chokehold/carotid restraint policies (90 days)
  • Federal LEAs must issue use-of-force policies (90 days)
  • Federal LEAs must issue no-knock entry policies (60 days)
  • Federal LEAs must issue body-worn camera policies (90 days)
  • Agencies review military equipment transfer programs (60 days)

Near term (90d)

  • Attorney General establishes National Law Enforcement Accountability Database (240 days)
  • Federal LEAs submit monthly use-of-force data to FBI (180 days)
  • OPM convenes interagency working group on recruitment/hiring (180 days)
  • Attorney General/HHS develop officer wellness best practices report (180 days)
  • Suicide prevention recommendations to President (180 days)
  • Anti-bias training module development (180 days)
  • HHS study on community effects of use of force (180 days)
  • Guidance on notification to families of deaths in custody (180 days)
  • NAS contract for facial recognition/algorithm study (180 days)
  • DOJ report on Death in Custody Reporting Act implementation (120 days)
  • Attorney General reports on updating 2014 profiling guidance (180 days)

Long term

  • Interagency working group publishes action plan on recruitment/hiring (365 days)
  • Federal LEAs update recruitment/hiring policies per action plan (180 days after plan)
  • Federal LEAs incorporate annual use-of-force training, early warning systems, accountability mechanisms (365 days)
  • Attorney General/HHS/OSTP publish BWC footage review best practices (180 days after study)
  • Interagency report on facial recognition/algorithm best practices (18 months)
  • Annual no-knock entry reports to President
  • Annual public reports from Accountability Database
  • Full implementation of First Step Act

Risks & tensions

  • Order explicitly acknowledges 'certain obstacles to lasting reform require legislative solutions' and 'system-wide change requires funding and support that only the Congress can authorize', limiting unilateral impact
  • Collective bargaining obligations are repeatedly noted as constraints on policy changes (Sections 2(d), 2(e), 2(f))
  • State/local/tribal/territorial participation in Accountability Database is voluntary ('encourage', 'to the maximum extent permitted by law'), creating coverage gaps
  • Military equipment restrictions apply only to federal transfers/purchases with federal funds, not state/local independent acquisitions
  • Privacy Act of 1974 and 'due process protections for law enforcement officers' may limit database transparency and public access
  • Section 12(a) equipment prohibitions include certification loopholes for 'disaster-related emergencies; active shooter scenarios; hostage or other search and rescue operations; or anti-terrorism preparedness'
  • Vague 'as appropriate' and 'as soon as practicable' language in several sections creates implementation uncertainty
  • Interagency coordination requirements (OPM, DOJ, HHS, DHS, OSTP, etc.) may slow execution
Executive Order 14074: Advancing Effective, Accountable Policing and Criminal Justice Practices To Enhance Public Trust and Public Safety · Executive Orders