ExecutiveOrdersEO
EO 13451Executive OrderG.W. Bush · R

Executive Order 13451

Designating the ITER International Fusion Energy Organization as a Public International Organization Entitled To Enjoy Certain Privileges, Exemptions, and Immunities

This executive order designates the ITER International Fusion Energy Organization as a public international organization under the International Organizations Immunities Act, granting it legal privileges, exemptions, and immunities. The order also preserves any additional legal protections ITER may have or acquire through other laws.

Federal Register Open PDF 72 FR 65653

Impact dates

  1. Designation takes effect upon signing (November 19, 2007)

Key directives

  • Designate ITER International Fusion Energy Organization as public international organization entitled to IOIA privileges, exemptions, and immunities
  • Preserve without abridgement any other privileges, exemptions, or immunities ITER may have or acquire

Timeline

Immediate

  • Designation takes effect upon signing (November 19, 2007)
  • ITER granted privileges, exemptions, and immunities under IOIA

Near term (90d)

—

Long term

  • Ongoing U.S. participation in ITER fusion energy project
  • Continued financial obligations through congressional appropriations

Risks & tensions

  • No explicit fiscal cap or duration limit on U.S. financial commitment; ongoing appropriations dependency creates long-term budgetary exposure
  • IOIA designation provides broad legal immunities that may complicate domestic legal recourse or oversight
  • Unclear whether designation affects state/local tax treatment or creates preemption conflicts
Executive Order 13451: Designating the ITER International Fusion Energy Organization as a Public International Organization Entitled To Enjoy Certain Privileges, Exemptions, and Immunities · Executive Orders